S. 974 Manpower Development and Training Act
Manpower Training Act
On February 1, 1965, President Johnson announced the launching of a “nationwide job development program.” The following day, Senator Joseph S. Clark (D-PA) introduced S. 974 that provided for an expanded federal jobs training program to address an unemployment rate that averaged 5.8% between 1961 and 1964. Legislation to reduce unemployment enjoyed wide bipartisan support and a slightly amended S. 974 passed the Senate on March 16, 1965 by a vote of 76 to 8. A companion House bill, H.R. 4257, passed the House of Representatives on April 1, by a vote of 395 to 0. On April 26, the president signed into law the Manpower Training Act of 1965.
United States. Congress. Senate. Office of the Secretary
S. 974, February 3, 1965; “Original Senate Bills S 963-S 992“ folder, Box 6; Office of the Secretary of the Senate; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
1965-02-03
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Letter from Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Labor Anthony Celebrezze to Senator Lister Hill Regarding H.R. 3708
Older Americans Act
When H.R. 3708 was introduced in the Senate, it was referred to the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, chaired by Lister Hill (D-AL). Anthony Celebrezze, Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), responded to the chair’s request for a report on the bill and supported its provisions with one exception. Celebrezze objected to a provision of H.R. 3708 that had been added to the bill by a floor amendment and that gave states the final say on certain grants awarded by HEW to state agencies or to public or private nonprofits serving the elderly. The Senate committee reported a bill conforming to the administration request and on June 16, the Senate passed H.R. 3708 by a roll call vote of 72 to 5. On July 6, 1965, the House agreed to the Senate’s version of H.R. 3708 leaving the final decision on grants to HEW.
Celebrezze, Anthony J. (Anthony Joseph), 1910-1998
Letter from Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Labor Anthony Celebrezze to Senator Lister Hill Regarding H.R. 3708, April 8, 1965; “HR 3348-HR4714” folder, Box 9; Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-04-08
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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H.R. 3708
Older Americans Act
The Older Americans Act, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 14, 1965, originated in the House of Representatives on January 27, 1965, when John E. Fogarty (D-RI) introduced H.R. 3708. Fogarty’s bill was referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor and reported to the House on March 9. It passed the House on March 31 on a 395 to 1 roll call vote. H.R. 3708 established an Administration on Aging (AoA) in the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) that was directed by a Commissioner on Aging appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. AoA was a clearinghouse, coordinator and provider of grants to state agencies and public and nonprofit agencies serving the elderly.
United States. Congress. House. Office of the Clerk
H.R. 3708, March 9, 1965; “HR 3013-HR 3788” folder, Box 5; Office of the Clerk; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, RG 233; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-03-09
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Memo Prepared for Senator John Sparkman "Statistics of Elderly of Alabama"
Older Americans Act
After World War II, average life expectancy increased, the number of Americans above 65 years old grew, and national organizations representing the elderly proliferated. This document, prepared for Senator John Sparkman (D-AL) and similar statistical compilations prepared for other senators, makes clear why congressional support for the Older Americans Act was strong. This document was prepared by the Senate Special Committee on Aging, created in 1961 and charged with studying, investigating, and reporting problems of older Americans. Although the committee had no authority to report legislation, it helped build support in the Senate for the Older Americans Act and other legislation addressing the needs of senior citizens.
United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging
Memo Prepared for Senator John Sparkman "Statistics Re Elderly of Alabama," April 30, 1965; “Alabama Correspondence, 1965-1970” folder, Box 1; Senate Special Committee on Aging; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-04-30
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Alabama
Pamphlet from the Tobacco Institute, Inc. "Tobacco—a vital U.S. Industry"
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
On January 11, 1964, the U.S. Surgeon General issued a detailed report concluding that cigarette smoking was a health hazard warranting “appropriate remedial action.” In June 1964, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that beginning January 1, 1965, the tobacco industry would be required to place health warning labels on their cigarette packages and that beginning July 1, 1965, similar health warnings would be required in their advertisements. The tobacco industry fought back with an aggressive lobbying effort on Capitol Hill and a public relations campaign that included brochures such as "Tobacco—a vital U.S. Industry," stressing the economic importance of the industry and its contributions to federal revenues.
Tobacco Institute (Washington, D.C.)
Pamphlet from the Tobacco Institute, Inc. "Tobacco—a vital U.S. Industry," cira 1965; “Department of Agriculture” folder, Box 11; Senate Committee on Commerce; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
circa 1965
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Letter from Acting Secretary of the Department of Agriculture Charles S. Murphy to Senator Warren G. Magnuson Regarding S. 559
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
On January 15, 1965, Senator Warren G. Magnuson (D-WA), chair of the Senate Committee on Commerce, introduced S. 559 requiring cigarette packages to bear a conspicuous statement: “Warning: Continual Cigarette Smoking May be Hazardous to Your Health.” S. 559 also removed a threat to tobacco interests by prohibiting any other health warning by federal, state, or local entities and effectively pre-empting the Federal Trade Commission regulation of tobacco labeling or advertising. This March 24, 1965 letter from Acting Secretary of the Department of Agriculture, Charles S. Murphy, to Senator Magnuson indicated that the tobacco interests had a powerful government ally that sought to limit the impact of the proposed health warning label.
Murphy, Charles S. (Charles Springs), 1909-
Letter from Acting Secretary of the Department of Agriculture Charles S. Murphy to Senator Warren G. Magnuson Regarding S. 559, March 24, 1965; “S. 559, Folder 2 of 3” folder, Box 7; Senate Committee on Commerce; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-03-24
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Copy of the Resolution Passed at the 45th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery Regarding Cigarette Labeling and Advertising
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
The Senate Commerce Committee was also under intense pressure from health organizations to pass stronger legislation that would inform the public about the health hazards of cigarette smoking. For example, this resolution passed by the American Association of Thoracic Surgery on March 30, 1965 called for passage of legislation requiring emphatic health warnings on cigarette packages and in advertising that would lead the public to “an eventual understanding of this dangerous habit…”
American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Copy of the Resolution Passed at the 45th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery Regarding Cigarette Labeling and Advertising, March 30, 1965; “S. 559, Folder 3 of 3” folder, Box 7; Senate Committee on Commerce; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-03-30
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Letter from Federal Trade Commission Chairman Paul Rand Dixon to Senator Warren G. Magnuson Regardng S. 559
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
In May 13, 1965, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Chairman Paul Rand Dixon wrote Senator Warren G. Magnuson to restate the position of the agency that warnings in cigarette advertising, not just labels on packages, would more fully inform the public of the hazards of cigarette smoking and to re-assert that the public interest would be served “if the Commission is left free by the Congress to take action…” While Dixon continued to resist Congress’s pre-emption of FTC regulatory action, he supported amendments to S. 559 providing for a three-year moratorium on FTC regulation while more information about “the health consequences of smoking” was obtained.
Dixon, Paul Rand, 1913-
Letter from Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Chairman Paul Rand Dixon to Senator Warren G. Magnuson Regardng S. 559, May 13, 1965; “S. 559, Folder 2 of 3” folder, Box 7; Senate Committee on Commerce; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-05-13
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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H.R. 3014
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
On January 18, 1965, Representative Walter Rogers (D-TX) introduced H.R. 3014, a bill that was similar to S. 559. That bill was referred to the House Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee and was reported to the House on June 28 by a committee vote of 23 to 8. After a floor motion by Representative Donald Rumsfeld (R-IL) to recommit the bill was defeated, the House on July 22 approved H.R. 3014 by a voice vote. The bill was similar to S. 559 but instead of a three-year moratorium on federal agency regulation of labeling and advertising, the House bill permanently banned the the Federal Trade Commission or other federal agency action concerning health warnings.
United States. Congress. House. Office of the Clerk
H.R. 3014, June 22, 1965; “Senate Bills Amended, S. 402-S. 769” folder, Box 2, Office of the Clerk; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, RG 233; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-06-22
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Press Release from Americans for Democratic Action Regardng Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
House passage of H.R. 3014 provoked strong opposition from health organizations and liberal advocacy groups. On June 24, 1965, Americans for Democratic Action issued this press release stating that the Senate-passed bill “is at least tolerable,” but urged President Johnson to veto the legislation if the House version permanently barring the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) action on health warning in advertising remained in the bill. A conference committee resolved the Senate and House differences on the moratorium by providing a four-year ban on FTC action. On July 6, the Senate adopted the conference report by a voice vote and on July 13, the House adopted the report by a 286 to 103 roll call vote. On July 27 President Johnson signed the bill into law without comment.
Americans for Democratic Action
Press Release from Americans for Democratic Action on H.R. 3014, June 24, 1965; “S. 559, Folder 1 of 3” folder, Box 7; Senate Committee on Commerce; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-06-24
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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