A. Koedt to Edmund S. Muskie in Support of Clear-Air Legislation
Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control and Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965
Senator Muskie received support from clean-air advocates who backed tough, national air quality standards. This supporter of S. 306 wrote that “The air we breathe is not private property, and because of this it should be illegal to pollute it.”
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works
A. Koedt to Edmund S. Muskie in Support of Clear-Air Legislation, April 4, 1965; filed with Muskie to Koedt, April 13, 1965; “S. 306 Hearings—Clean Air Act amdts, April 6th & 9th (7th. Detroit)” folder, Legislative Files, Box 3; Committee on Public Works; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-04-04
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Alfred J. Bennett to Whom It May Concern Regarding Air Pollution Health Issues
Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control and Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965
Since World War II, air pollution had greatly increased, causing ill health to people and considerable property damage. The committee received letters such as this one from a Tampa, Florida physician who had treated a “young lady” who had been hospitalized twice for “an acute episode of allergic bronchitis and asthma.” The physician believed that “excessive amounts of industrial contaminate particles in the open air about her home” were responsible.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works
Alfred J. Bennett to Whom It May Concern Regarding Air Pollution Health Issues, March 5, 1965; “S. 306” folder, Legislative Files, Box 2; Committee on Public Works; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-03-05
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Amendment Submitted by Representative Howard Smith
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965
H.R. 2362 was backed by a fragile coalition of leading education organizations and religious leaders. The bill provided enough support to private schools to enlist the support of Catholic groups, but not so much as to arouse opposition from Protestant and Jewish groups and public teachers’ organizations. While Catholics supported the bill, they threatened opposition if it included a provision specifically permitting a constitutional challenge grounded in opposition to state support of religion. When the bill was debated on the House floor, Representative Howard W. Smith (D-V), an opponent of the bill, offered this hand-written amendment aimed at alienating Catholic support, but the amendment failed by a voice vote. On March 26, 1965, by a 263 to 153 roll-call vote, the House passed H.R. 2362 and sent it to the Senate.
Smith, Howard Worth, 1883-1976
Amendment Submitted by Representative Howard Smith, March 26, 1965; “1st Sess. Jan. 1965-July 1965 (5 of 11)” folder, Box 3; Office of the Clerk; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, RG 233; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
1965-03-26
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Amendment to H.R. 6675
Medicare Act of 1965
When H.R. 6675 reached the Senate, the risk to the bill came from liberals eager to expand coverage by adding amendments to the bill. One such amendment added to the bill by the Senate Finance Committee shifted coverage of specialized medical services from Part B to Part A. On July 19, 1965, the Senate passed an amended bill by a 68 to 21 roll call vote with a cost of approximately $800 million more than the House-passed bill. Representative Mills, with the backing of administration officials, dominated the conference and eliminated practically all of the Senate amendments. The conference report was agreed to by lop-sided votes in the House on July 27 and in the Senate on July 28. On July 30, President Johnson signed Medicare into law at a ceremony at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library with the former president by his side.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance.
Amendment to H.R. 6675, April 13, 1965; “H.R. 6675, 1 of 3” folder, Box 3; Committee on Finance; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
1965-04-13
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Amendments to H.R. 6400
Voting Rights Act of 1965
On July 9, 1965, the House rejected the Republican substitute bill, H.R. 7896, by a vote of 166 to 215. The House then considered fourteen amendments to H.R. 6400, but only passed three that made no consequential changes to the bill. The House passed H.R. 6400 with the ban on poll taxes in state and local elections by a vote of 333 to 85. After the conference committee reported the bill removing the House poll tax ban, on August 3, the House approved the Voting Rights Act and the Senate did so on the following day. On August 6, President Johnson signed the bill into law at the Capitol.
United States. Congress. House. Office of the Clerk
Amendments to H.R. 6400, July 9, 1965; “1st Sess. Jan. 1965-July 1965 2 of 11” folder, Reading Clerk, Box 3; Clerk of the House; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, RG 233; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
1965-07-09
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Briefing Paper, Hearings on S. 306 Amending the Clean Air Act
Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control and Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965
This briefing paper for subcommittee members and staff outlined the major parts of S. 306 that would receive attention during the hearings to be held in Washington D.C. and Detroit, Michigan. The briefing paper outlined the subcommittee work plan and indicated the array of interest groups that appeared before the panel as it gathered information related to the administration of S. 306, its technical requirements, and the health challenges of air pollution.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works
Briefing Paper, Hearings on S. 306 Amending the Clean Air Act, April 6, 7 and 8, 1965; “S. 306 Hearings—Clean Air Act amdts. April 6th & 9th (7th. Detroit)” folder, Legislative files, Box 3; Committee on Public Works; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-04-06
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Copy of the Resolution Passed at the 45th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery Regarding Cigarette Labeling and Advertising
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
The Senate Commerce Committee was also under intense pressure from health organizations to pass stronger legislation that would inform the public about the health hazards of cigarette smoking. For example, this resolution passed by the American Association of Thoracic Surgery on March 30, 1965 called for passage of legislation requiring emphatic health warnings on cigarette packages and in advertising that would lead the public to “an eventual understanding of this dangerous habit…”
American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Copy of the Resolution Passed at the 45th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery Regarding Cigarette Labeling and Advertising, March 30, 1965; “S. 559, Folder 3 of 3” folder, Box 7; Senate Committee on Commerce; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-03-30
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Daniel M. Singer to Michael A. Feighan on Immigrant Visas
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
The House Judiciary Committee and the Immigration and Naturalization Subcommittee received much correspondence from individuals and groups explaining how national immigration quotas adversely affected them. This letter from the General Counsel of the Federation of American Scientists provided two examples of how the quota system made it impossible for a South African and an Asian scientist to obtain immigrant’s visas.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Daniel M. Singer to Michael A. Feighan on Immigrant Visas, June 30, 1965; filed with Feighan to Singer, July 13, 1965, “H.R. 2580 (Gen Corr.) 2 of 3” folder, Legislative Files, Box 75; Committee on the Judiciary; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, RG 233; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
1965-06-30
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Edmund S. Muskie Press Release on S. 4
Water Quality Act of 1965
On January 6, 1965, Senator Edmund S. Muskie (D-ME) introduced S. 4, an administration-backed bill, and in this press release on the same day, declared that the purpose of the bill “is to encourage prevention of pollution as well as to attack the problem and to find more efficient ways of doing it.” Muskie, chair of the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Senate Committee on Public Works, enlisted bipartisan support and 25 co-sponsors. Since the Senate had passed a similar bill by a wide margin the previous year, the Public Works Committee promptly reported Muskie’s bill on January 27, and the Senate passed S. 4 by a vote of 68 to 8 the following day.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works
Edmund S. Muskie Press Release on S. 4, January 6, 1965; “S. 4” folder, Legislative Files, Box 1; Committee on Public Works; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
*1965-01-06
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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Edward M. Kennedy Poll Tax Amendment
Voting Rights Act of 1965
On January 23, 1964, the Twenty-fourth Amendment, banning the poll tax in all federal elections, was ratified. As introduced, S. 1564 did not ban poll taxes for state and local election. The administration and many senators did not believe such a ban would withstand a constitutional challenge. The bill reported by the Judiciary Committee on April 9, however, included a complete ban on poll taxes. When the bill went to the floor, Mansfield and Dirksen deleted this provision and substituted one authorizing federal courts to determine if local poll taxes were racially discriminatory. Senator Edward M. Kennedy (D-MA) sponsored a floor amendment that restored the committee-reported bill’s ban on all poll taxes, but on May 11, the Senate narrowly defeated Kennedy’s amendment by a vote of 45 to 49.
Kennedy, Edward Moore, 1961-
Edward M. Kennedy Poll Tax Amendment, May 5, 1965; “Amendments to Senate bills, S. 1564 2 0f 2” folder, Original Bills and Resolutions, Box 26; Secretary of the Senate; 89th Congress; Records of the U.S. Senate, RG 46; National Archives.
Association of Centers for the Study of Congress
1965-05-05
Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration
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